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• Since the October 2023 parliamentary elections, Poland has been听led by a broad, pro-European centre left to centre right coalition. The government, headed by former European Council president Donald Tusk, is made up of Tusk鈥檚 Civic Coalition (30.7%), the Third Way alliance (14.4%) and the Left alliance (8.6%). It has pledged to听accelerate the country鈥檚 energy transition. However, almost a year later it still has听not delivered much听in terms of legislation or new initiatives.听听(mandated by the EU) has been presented and was the subject of public consultation. Although climate-focused NGOs welcomed the release of the plan, they criticised Poland鈥檚 hesitance to choose a more ambitious reform path to the climate ministry. Even though Poland is months late with the update, the government says it鈥檚 still working on the final version and will finish it in the second quarter of 2025.
• Poland was responsible for . Carbon emissions have fallen over 30 percent since peaking in the 1980s. Most of the reductions occurred in the 1990s during the fall of communism and the . Emission levels have not changed significantly since 2001. Poland's current greenhouse gas emission reduction (for domestic transport, buildings, agriculture, small industry and waste) is 17.7 percent compared to 2005. It is far less than in countries like Germany or Denmark (50%), but Poland's total emissions in 2022 were just two percent below 2005 levels.

• In the past years, Poland saw a in its electricity mix, from 70 percent in 2022 to about 57 percent in 2024. In the same year, the country increased its share of electricity generated from renewables by 2.3 points, to 29.6 percent. But even with the rise in renewables, coal remains the main source of electricity. Poland鈥檚 power sector has in the European Union, making the coal phase-out a key challenge. Moreover, Poland is the only country in the EU that for ending coal power use. The country鈥檚 energy sector is dominated by big, state-owned or partially state-owned companies, like the oil corporation Orlen or Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE), an energy company that owns coal plants and mines.

• Poland has , oil and coal supplies, after being heavily reliant on imports from Russia. In 2023, subsidies were put in place to keep gas and electricity prices down - but this cost. The government . After peaking in 2023, the wholesale price for energy has (though at a level significantly above pre-2022 prices).
• Air pollution is a fuelled not just by cars, but also by furnaces, as no other EU country uses nearly as much coal for heating.

• The burden of coal 鈥� Coal power is the heaviest burden on Poland鈥檚 energy transition. The previous government said that Poland would be the last EU country to use coal for power generation well into the 2040s. With ageing plants and , many coal plants will face closure earlier than planned, possibly threatening Poland with . The new coalition government plans to accelerate the deployment of renewables which, if realised, would make the need for coal marginal around the late 2030s. More than a year after taking power, however, it still failed to deliver much of the legislation that would facilitate achieving this ambition. Just transition plans have been drawn up for coal regions, but not all of them will receive EU funding 鈥� the lignite mine in the region of . A year into a new government in the office at prolonging the capacity market support for coal beyond 2030 and is . Extraction at the open-cast lignite mine at , is to be finished in the 2030s. Until then, the mine will receive funding. With a rising CO2 price in the EU ETS, coal is driving up electricity prices.
• Battery power-house 鈥� Poland is not among the EU鈥檚 leading car producers, but there is a sector that stands to gain from the transition to electric vehicles: battery production. In April 2023, Poland overtook the U.S. as the country with. The sector sees the rise of EVs and energy storage . But a BloombergNEF sees Poland falling behind the U.S., Germany, Hungary and Sweden by 2027. New EU rules on carbon footprint.
• Going nuclear 鈥� Poland has not been able to successfully build a nuclear power plant, despite ongoing efforts since the 1970s. The first initiative from 1971 made it to the construction phase, but communism and protests. A newer project, which began in 2009, . Now is the furthest any nuclear project has come since the fall of communism, . While 2033 was the official opening date initially planned, now looks more realistic. In February 2025over 60 billion zloty (14.5 billion US dollars, the funding's currency) for the plant鈥檚 development, which would cover around 30 percent of the projected total costs. The rest is expected to come from foreign borrowing. Willingness to provide such borrowing 鈥� up to $17.1 million - by U.S. Export-Import Bank and US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) which considers providing $1 billion in financing.Poland is also working on selecting a second location for another nuclear power plant and plans to announce the decision . Another public-private project being considered is a partnership with the . State oil company
• Wind of change 鈥� Wind power development has . However, the new that aimed at creating more favourable conditions for onshore wind expansion. The bill is in parliament by thespecial subcomitee inside State Assets, Energy and Climate Committee. Per a draft of its climate plan, Poland could double its onshore wind capacity between 2024 and 2030. Meanwhile, the European Commission has to build a terminal to facilitate the construction and servicing of offshore wind farms in the city of Gda艅sk. In early 2025on Baltic Power, the first offshore wind farm in Polish waters, with almost 80 15-megawatt turbines.
• Solar boom 鈥� Solar PV in Poland exploded from a marginal capacity in 2018 to over , having supplied in 2023 (up from 5.7% in 2022) with both rooftop solar and utility-scale projects. However, this has , leading to due to outdated regulations or just too much electricity for the grid to cope with.
• Poland has assumed EU Council presidency - On 1 January 2025, Poland took over the six-month rotating presidency of the EU Council. It is also arguing for quitting all fossil fuels imports from Russia.
• Heating in peril 鈥� Sixteen million Poles are keeping their homes warm in winter with district heating, the among all EU countries. The vast majority of district heating systems use coal and are considered inefficient. 鈥渦nderinvested, outdated and unprofitable,鈥� with customers bearing the brunt of rising costs. heating plant based on . It was, built with government support, using solar, heat pumps and heat storage. In March 2025, EU member states agreed with of allocating an additional 30 percent of free emission allowances for district heating, a decision hailed by the Climate Ministry as success of Poland's EU presidency.
• Clean(er) air 鈥� Poland鈥檚 struggle with high air pollution has for years focused on heating, but now it is also starting to tackle cars. As of June 2024, (Strefa czystego transportu - SCT) in the country. The city will gradually ban older cars (especially diesel-powered ones) from its centre. There will be, however, numerous exemptions. For example, the ban will not apply to the city鈥檚 residents until 2028. Cracow, infamous in Poland for its smog levels, was the first to agree on a Clean Transport Zone, but the bill was on formal grounds.

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