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Extreme weather events in Germany have hit the forestry sector hard, resulting in damages of 13 billion euros over the past three years, according to a by the German Forestry Council (DFWR), which represents the country鈥檚 forestry industry. The sector has received 1.5 billion euros from federal and state emergency aid programmes, but the DFWR said in a statement that the sum only covered 鈥渁 fraction of the damage鈥�. DFWR president Georg Schirmbeck added: 鈥淚f we want to preserve the forest and its functions for society and adapt it to climate change, funds of this magnitude will be required every year.鈥� Bernhard M枚hring, from the University of G枚ttingen and head of the study, stressed that the extent of damage from 2018 to 2020 due to storms, droughts and bark beetles far exceeded 鈥渢he financial possibilities and reserves of most forest owners and forest operations in view of the dimensions鈥�. Around half of Germany鈥檚 forests are privately owned. So far, owners have financed the measures to adapt forests to climate change from the sale of harvested wood, the DFWR noted. 鈥淪o far, the forest companies have provided biodiversity, climate protection and recreational space mostly free of charge,鈥� M枚hring added. 鈥淐limate change has undermined this principle.鈥�

According to the , forests make up a third of Germany鈥檚 total area 鈥� approximately 11.4 million hectares. About 54 percent of German forests consists of conifers, 43 percent of deciduous forest. Spruce trees, which were planted in large numbers after the Second World War, are particularly susceptible to heat and drought, making them vulnerable to pests such as the bark beetle. They are also susceptible to storms. Four out of five trees have thinning crowns, and around a third of trees are experiencing significant thinning, according to the agriculture ministry鈥檚 Forest Condition Report 2020, which was published in February. More surveyed trees died in 2020 than in any previous year, the report found.聽