A (very) brief timeline of Germany's Energiewende
For a more in-depth timeline see the 威力彩玩法 factsheet Milestones of the German Energiewende.
For an interactive timeline with additional documents visit Carbon Brief鈥檚 .
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1973-75
鈥淣uclear Energy? No, thanks!鈥� Birth of 骋别谤尘补苍测鈥檚 anti-nuclear movement as protestors block construction of a nuclear power plant in Wyhl, close to 骋别谤尘补苍测鈥檚 border with France
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1979/80
Enter the Greens 骋别谤尘补苍测鈥檚 Green Party is founded, with an exit from nuclear energy and a renewable future as key demands
and begin to use the term 鈥�Energiewende鈥�
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1983
The Green Party enters the Bundestag for the first time
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1986
Chernobyl disaster The accident solidifies Germans鈥� resistance to nuclear energy
Climate change The weekly Spiegel magazine publishes a on global warming, prompting parliament to establish an advisory council to address concerns about climate change
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1990
Nuclear phase-out #0 For economic and security reasons, the GDR鈥檚 only two nuclear power plants are switched off with the reunification of Germany
Ambitious targets Federal Cabinet its first emissions reduction target: 25 to 30 percent fewer CO鈧� emissions by 2005, compared to 1987 levels
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1991
Kick-starting renewables New legislation introduces feed-in tariffs for renewable power
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1997/2005
Kyoto Protocol New agreement requires Germany 鈥� the world鈥檚 sixth largest emitter at the time 鈥� to cut CO2 emissions
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2000
Renewable Energy ActThe Renewable Energy Act (EEG) stipulates fixed feed-in tariffs and grid priority for renewables
Nuclear phase-out #1 Red-Green government reaches 鈥渘uclear consensus鈥� with utilities: a phase-out by around 2022
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2007
EU targets EU sets : 20 percent of electricity to come from renewables; a 20 percent cut in greenhouse gases; 20 percent more efficiency
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2010
Extending nuclear The CDU (conservative) government reverses the 鈥渘uclear consensus鈥� by cancelling the phase-out
Energy concept The government for 2020 and 2050
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2011
Nuclear phase-out #2 Following the Fukushima disaster, Merkel announces new nuclear phase-out by 2022, with backing of large parliamentary majority
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2014
New EEG & climate action Government lowers feed-in tariffs, introduces auction system for PV capacity
Climate Action Programme 2020 Government introduces catalogue of measures to reach climate targets
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2015
Slow progress The shows that climate targets are ; 2020 emission reduction target likely to be
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2016
Utility spin-offs Utilities E.ON and RWE separate renewables from fossil operations
Decarbonisation Federal government agrees on its Climate Action Plan 2050, a basic framework for largely decarbonising 骋别谤尘补苍测鈥檚 economy to reach 2050 climate goals. It includes target corridors for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in individual economic sectors
Car emissions scandal In wake of Dieselgate, German carmakers step up e-mobility ambitions
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2017
Renewables reform The switch from set feed-in tariffs to auctions for renewables enters into force
G20 Chancellor Merkel helps close rank of 19 governments in support of Paris Climate Agreement, isolating the US
COP23 UN climate conference in Bonn: delegations negotiate rulebook for Paris Agreement
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2018
New government Renewed grand coalition gives up on 2020 climate targets, raises renewables expansion goal, announces Climate Protection Law
Diesel bans In major blow to German carmakers, top court ruling opens door for diesel driving bans
Coal exit commission Renewables overtake coal as 骋别谤尘补苍测鈥檚 most important power source, while government sets up multi-stakeholder task force to decide on countr测鈥檚 coal exit path by end of 2018
Utilities shakeup RWE and E .ON split up utility innogy, separating grids from generation
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2019
Climate action package Climate cabinet presents major policy package including national CO2 price for transport & buildings
Climate action law German测鈥檚 first climate law makes emissions reduction legally binding
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2020
Coal exit law Cabinet adopts coal exit law including timetable
